Place your cursor in a word that you know is misspelled and is not being flagged. Open the Character (not Character Styles) panel. If Language is not showing at the bottom of that panel, go to the little dropdown in the upper-right corner of the panel and select Show Options. You'll see the language that's applied to that piece of text. As mentioned above, that could be applied via a paragraph or character style, a GREP or nested style within the applied paragraph style, or it could be a manual override.
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